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Pipe Fittings

Buttweld-End-Cap-SS-Butt-weld-Pipe-Cap-ANSI-B16.9-End-Pipe-Cap.jpg

Butt weld fittings get their name from the method for which they attached to a piping system. Each end of a butt weld Caps fitting is beveled, and it is attached by butting the fitting up to the adjoining pipe and welding along the bevel. This connection is both stronger and smoother than threaded or socket weld connections, making butt weld fittings the preferred product for critical applications.

Caps are butt weld fittings used to terminate the flow, welding to the end of a butt weld fitting or pipe.

The steel pipe cap is welded at the end of pipes or installed on the external thread and is used to block the pipe. There are many kinds of convex pipe caps such as hemispherical pipe cap, oval pipe cap, disc-shaped pipe cap and spherical cap. Bending, extruding, pushing, molding and machining manufacturing methods are used to produce it.

Steel pipe cap acts as a protective piece and is designed to protect ends of different shapes. Its main purpose is to make pipe connections waterproof. The steel pipe cap is widely used in the plumbing lines of domestic, commercial and industrial water supply, machinery and processing equipment. Besides, pipe cap is fitted on water pump lines with the sole purpose of removing air blocks.

Our company can provide steel pipe cap with maximum wall thickness up to 150 mm and there are also other schedule numbers available such as sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s and sch80s.

STANDARDS: ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 WPB, JIS,DIN. ETC.
SIZE:1/2″—48″
THICKNESS:STD,SCH40,SCH20,SCH60,SCH80,SCH100,SCH120,SCH160,XS,XXS,SGP, ETC. 

Specifications of the Steel Pipe Cap

Type
Out Diameter 1/2″ ~ 78″
Wall Thickness 3 mm ~ 200 mm

Standard Available

carbon steel butt welded seamless Caps is usually used for protecting the end of pipe and other fittings,so the shape is disigned according to the shape of pipe line.we also use caps to cut off the transition and the connection treat can be butt weld,socket weld and thread conection according to use requirements.


Nominal pipe
size
DN

Outside Diameter at Bevel

Length


Limiting Wall
Thickness for
length E


Series A

Series B
E
E1
15
21.3
18
25
20
26.9
25
25
25
33.7
32
38
32
42.4
38
38
40
48.3
45
38
50
60.3
57
38
44
5.5
65
76.1(73)
76
38
51
7.0
80
88.9
89
51
64
7.6
90
101.6
64
76
8.1
100
114.3
108
64
76
8.6
125
139.7
133
76
89
9.5
150
168.3
159
89
102
11.0
200
219.1
219
102
127
12.7
250
273.0
273
127
152
12.7
300
323.9
325
152
178
12.7
350
355.6
377
165
191
12.7
400
406.4
426
178
203
12.7
450
457.2
478
203
229
12.7
500
508.0
529
229
254
12.7
550
559

254

600
610
630

267

650
660
267
700
711
720
267
750
762
267
800
813
820
267
850
864
267
900
914
920
267
950
965
305
1000
1016
1020
305
1050
1067
305
1100
1118
1120
343
1150
1168
343
1200
1220
1220
343

 

Introduction to Hot Forming – Manufacturing of Butt Welded CAPS

The manufacturing process of caps starts from steel plates that are cut and shaped with a cold forming procedure:

Pipe-Reducer-Concentric-and-Eccentric.jpg

Neway company carries a wide range of concentric and eccentric reducers.

Dimensional tolerances conform to ASME B16.9. Fitting wall thicknesses conform with standard schedule SCH10,SCH20,SCH30,STD,SCH40,SCH60,SCH80,SCH100,SCH120,SCH160 and ASME B36.19M wall pipe.

Butt welding fittings are permanently marked by electro-chemical etching in accordance with ASME B16.9. Estimated fitting weights are based on a density of .163 lbs/cubic inch.

A steel pipe reducer is the component in a pipeline that decreases the pipe size to a smaller bore. There are two main types of reducer: concentric and eccentric reducer. Some pipe reducers are manufactured by means of punch forming and others by bending, extruding, pushing, molding or machining.

The steel pipe reducer is used when liquid flow increases or decreases in small quantities. In order to prevent cavitation, it is also used to connect to the inlet hole of pump. Besides, it is also useful to connect joints in instrument like flow meter and control valve. The steel reducer also finds applications in sugar mills and distilleries, pumps, petrochemical, cement and construction industries and steel plants. It can be stored in fumigation-free boxes or wooden holders.

Raw Materials
* A234 – WPB WP5, WP9, WP11, WP22
* A420 – WPL3/ WPL6
* A403 – WP304/L; WP316/L
* A860-WPHY 42-46/52-60/65-70
Special Materials such as Monel, Inconel, Cu-Ni, Duplex SS etc are available on request

Specifications of the Steel Pipe Reducer

Type
Seamless Reducer Weld Reducer Butt Welding Reducer
Out Diameter 1/2″ ~ 24″ 4″ ~ 24″ 12″ ~ 78″
Wall Thickness 3 mm ~ 150 mm
Product Type Concentric reducer, eccentric reducer

Standard Available
Our company provides steel pipe reducers of different standards to meet requirements of customers.
GB/T12459-2005 GB/T13401-2005 GB/T10752-2005
SH/T3408-1996 SH/T3409-1996
SY/T0518-2002 SY/T0510-1998
DL/T695-1999 GD2000 GD87-1101
HG/T21635-1987 HG/T21631-1990
ASME B16.9-2007 ASME B16.25-2007
MSS SP 75-2008
CSA Z245.11-05-2005
EN10253-1-1999 EN10253-2-2007 EN10253-3-2008 EN10253-4-2008
DIN2605-1-1992 DIN2605-2-1995
BS1640-1-1962 BS1640-2-1962 BS1640-3-1968 BS1640-4-1968 BS1965-1-1963
AFNOR NF A 49-289-1990 AFNOR NF A 49-170-1-1999 AFNOR NF A 49-170-2-2009 AFNOR NF A 49-170-3-2009 AFNOR NF A 49-170-4-2009
ISO3419-1981 ISO5251-1981
JIS B2311-2009 JIS B2312-2009 JIS B2313-2009

buttweld-Reducer

Nominal Diameter Outside Diameter End to End
D1*D2
DN NPS Series A Serices B H
20×15 3/4×1/2 26.9×21.3 25×18 38
20×10 3/4×3/8 26.9×17.3 25×14 38
25×20 1×3/4 33.7×26.9 32×25 51
25×15 1×1/2 33.7×21.3 32×18 51
32×25 1.1/4×1 42.4×33.7 38×32 51
32×20 1.1/4×3/4 42.4×26.9 38×25 51
32×15 1.1/4×1/2 42.4×21.3 38×18 51
40×32 1.1/2×1.1/4 48.3×42.4 45×38 64
40×25 1.1/2×1 48.3×33.7 45×32 64
40×20 1.1/2×3/4 48.3×26.9 45×25 64
40×15 1.1/2×1/2 48.3×21.3 45×18 64
50×40 2×1.1/2 60.3×48.3 57×45 76
50×32 2×1.1/4 60.3×42.4 57×38 76
50×25 2×1 60.3×33.7 57×32 76
50×20 2×3/4 60.3×26.9 57×25 76
65×50 2.1/2×2 73.0×60.3 76×57 89
65×40 2.1/2×1.1/2 73.0×48.3 76×45 89
65×32 2.1/2×1.1/4 73.0×42.4 76×38 89
65×25 2.1/2×1 73.0×33.7 76×32 89
80×65 3×2.1/2 88.9×73.0 89×76 89
80×50 3×2 88.9×60.3 89×57 89
80×40 3×1.1/2 88.9×48.3 89×45 89
80×32 3×1.1/4 88.9×42.4 89×38 89
90×80 3.1/2×3 101.6×88.9 102
90×65 3.1/2×2.1/2 101.6×73.0 102
90×50 3.1/2×2 101.6×60.3 102
90×40 3.1/2×1.1/2 101.6×48.3 102
90×32 3.1/2×1.1/4 101.6×42.4 102
100×90 4×3.1/2 114.3×101.6 102
100×80 4×3 114.3×88.9 108×89 102
100×65 4×2.1/2 114.3×73.0 108×76 102
100×50 4×2 114.3×60.3 108×57 102
100×40 4×1.1/2 114.3×48.3 108×45 102
125×100 5×4 141.3×114.3 133×108 127
125×90 5×3.1/2 141.3×101.6 127
125×80 5×3 141.3×88.9 133×89 127
125×65 5×2.1/2 141.3×73.0 133×76 127
125×50 5×2 141.3×60.3 133×57 127
150×125 6×5 168.3×141.3 159×133 140
150×100 6×5 168.3×114.3 159×108 140
150×90 6×3.1/2 168.3×101.6 140
150×80 6×3 168.3×88.9 159×89 140
150×65 6×2.1/2 168.3×73.0 159×76 140
200×150 8×6 219.1×168.3 219×159 152
200×125 8×5 219.1×141.3 219×133 152
200×100 8×4 219.1×114.3 219×108 152
200×90 8×3.1/2 219.1×101.6 152
250×200 10×8 273.0×219.1 273×219 178
250×150 10×6 273.0×168.3 273×159 178
250×125 10×5 273.0×141.3 273×133 178
250×100 10×4 273.0×114.3 273×108 178
300×250 12×10 323.9×273.1 325×273 203
300×200 12×8 323.9×219.1 325×219 203
300×150 12×6 323.9×168.3 325×159 203
300×125 12×5 323.9×141.3 325×133 203
350×300 14×12 355.6×323.9 377×325 330
350×250 14×10 355.6×273.0 377×273 330
350×200 14×8 355.6×219.1 377×219 330
350×150 14×6 355.6×168.3 377×159 330
400×350 16×14 406.4×355.6 426×377 356
400×300 16×12 406.4×323.9 426×325 356
400×250 16×10 406.4×273.0 426×273 356
400×200 16×8 406.4×219.1 426×219 356
450×400 18×16 457×406.4 478×426 381
450×350 18×14 457×355.6 478×377 381
450×300 18×12 457×323.9 478×325 381
450×250 18×10 457×273.0 478×273 381
500×450 20×18 508×457 529×478 508
500×400 20×16 508×406.4 529×426 508
500×350 20×14 508×355.6 529×377 508
500×300 20×12 508×323.9 529×325 508
550×500 22×20 559×508 508
550×450 22×18 559×457 508
550×400 22×16 559×406.4 508
550×350 22×14 559×355.6 508
600×550 24×22 610×559 508
600×500 24×20 610×508 630×529 508
600×450 24×18 610×457 630×478 508
600×400 24×22 610×406.4 630×426 508
650×600 26×24 660×610 610
650×550 26×22 660×559 610
650×500 26×20 660×508 610
650×450 26×18 660×457 610
700×650 28×26 711×660 610
700×600 28×24 711×610 720×630 610
700×550 28×22 711×559 610
700×500 28×20 711×508 720×530 610
750×700 30×28 762×711 610
750×650 30×26 762×660 610
750×600 30×24 762×610 610
750×550 30×22 762×559 610
800×750 32×30 813×762 610
800×700 32×28 813×711 820×720 610
800×650 32×26 813×660 610
800×600 32×24 813×610 820×630 610
850×800 34×32 864×813 610
850×750 34×30 864×762 610
850×700 34×28 864×711 610
850×650 34×26 864×660 610
900×850 36×34 914×864 610
900×800 36×32 914×813 920×820 610
900×750 36×30 914×762 610
900×700 36×28 914×711 920×720 610
950×900 38×36 965×914 610
950×850 38×34 965×864 610
950×800 38×32 965×813 610
950×750 38×30 965×762 610
1000×950 40×38 1016×965 610
1000×900 40×36 1016×914 1020×920 610
1000×850 40×34 1016×864 610
1000×800 40×32 1016×813 1020×820 610
1050×1000 42×40 1067×1016 610
1050×950 42×38 1067×965 610
1050×900 42×36 1067×914 610
1050×850 42×34 1067×864 610
1100×1050 44×42 1118×1067 610
1100×1000 44×40 1118×1016 1120×1020 610
1100×950 44×38 1118×965 610
1100×900 44×36 1118×914 1220×920 610
1150×1100 46×44 1168×1118 711
1150×1050 46×42 1168×1067 711
1150×1000 46×40 1168×1016 711
1150×950 46×38 1168×965 711
1200×1150 48×46 1220×1168 711
1200×1100 48×44 1220×1118 1220×1120 711
1200×1050 48×42 1220×1067 711
1200×1000 48×40 1220×1016 1220×1020 711

 

What’s the difference between CONCENTRIC REDUCER and ECCENTRIC REDUCER ?

CONCENTRIC REDUCER

The open ends of a concentric reducer are aligned and centered one to the other. Generally, this type of pipe reducer is used to modify the bore size of the pipeline by two (maximum three) measures, to avoid an excessive pressure drop in the pipeline.

If a larger reduction is needed, then a sequence of reducers shall be used to have a smooth and gradual adjustment of the pipeline bore size (vs. a drastic change).

For small bore size reductions, reducing flanges may be an alternative to buttweld reducers.

ECCENTRIC REDUCERThe open ends of an eccentric reducer are in an “offset” position one to the other.

Eccentric reducers are used, generally, for pipelines installed in a horizontal position (whereas concentric reducers are used for pipelines installed vertically or for the inlets of suction pumps, as top flat eccentric reducers).

PIPE REDUCERS MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Eccentric reducers can be top flat (“TF”) or bottom flat (“BF”).
The bottom flat eccentric reducer type is used for pipe-racks (the bottom of the reducer is flat and at the same level of the bigger sized run pipe), while the top flat pipe reducer type is used at the inlet of piping suction pumps as shown in the image below (this setup prevents the formation of vapor traps in the pipeline):

CONCENTRIC VS ECCENTRIC REDUCER

The key difference between concentric vs eccentric reducer is the centricity of the inlet vs. the outlet of the fitting, which is perfect for a concentric reducer and offset of an eccentric reducer.

BW REDUCER MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Cold forming is the most common manufacturing process for seamless eccentric/concentric reducers (welded reducers are produced with the single or double seam weld process):

buttweld-cross.jpg

The steel pipe cross is used when there is a branch on the main pipeline that needs to be connected. When the size of the branch is the same as the header pipe equal cross is used and when the branch size is less than the header size, then, unequal cross is better. Our company applies hydroforming and hot press forming to manufacture steel crosses which are made of seamless pipe. Hydroforming can complete steel pipe cross shape forming at once, thus getting high efficiency.

Materials for making our pipe cross are often low carbon steel, low alloy steel and stainless steel to strain hardening tendency. However, if hot press forming technology is adopted and equipment required is of small tonnage. Besides, large diameter and large wall thickness steel cross are usually manufactured by means of hot press forming.

The maximum wall thickness of the steel pipe cross is 150 mm and some schedule numbers are sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s and sch80s. Our steel cross and related pipe fittings are widely used in electricity, gasoline, petrochemical, ship building, heat supply network, paper making and metallurgical industries among others.

 

Size
Seamless pipe cross: 1/2″~24″ DN15~DN600
Welded pipe cross: 24 “~60” DN600~DN1500
Wall thickness
sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100,
sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s, sch80s
Maximun Wall thickness: 200mm

Neway Supply can often provide the items listed below for a same-day delivery. Large quantites, custom sizes, Carbon steel and special alloys (Alloy 20, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, etc) may be subject to a longer lead time for delivery.

 

CARBON STEEL BUTT WELD FITTINGS

  • ASTM A234 Carbon steel Cross – Wrought Carbon and Alloy Steel Butt Weld Fittings : This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel butt weld fittings of seamless and welded construction. This is the most common material for carbon steel butt weld fittings (specifically grade WPB) and is seamless up to 24”, where diameters of 24” or larger may come seamless or welded.  These butt weld fittings are for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.
  • ASTM A860: This specification covers wrought high-strength ferritic steel butt weld fittings of seamless and electric fusion-welded construction covered by the latest revisions of ASME B16.9 and MSS-SP-75.  These butt weld fittings are for use in high-pressure gas and oil transmission and distribution systems.

STAINLESS STEEL BUTT WELD CROSS FITTINGS

  • Seamless and Welded Stainless Butt Weld CROSS FITTINGS: This specification covers the standard for seamless and welded wrought austenitic stainless steel butt weld fittings for pressure piping applications.
wp234-carbon-steel-buttweld-tees-1280x604.jpg

The steel pipe tee is the most common piece used when there is a branch on the main pipeline. When the size of the branch is the same as the header pipe the equal tee is used. When the branch size is less than the header size unequal tee is used then. Currently, hydroforming and hot press forming are used to manufacture steel tee made of seamless pipe. The steel pipe tee is used to connect pipelines in networks to transport two-phase fluid mixtures. It can be stored in fumigation-free boxes or wooden holders.

Our company provides steel pipe tee of different sizes such as 1/2″ and 24″, DN15 and DN600 seamless fittings, 4″ and 24″, DN100 and DN600 weld fittings or 12″ and 78″, DN300 and DN1900 butt welding fittings. There is also different wall thickness. The maximum wall thickness of the steel pipe tee is 150 mm and other schedule numbers are sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s and sch80s.

Specifications of the Steel Pipe Tee

Type
Seamless Tee Weld Tee Butt Welding Tee
Out Diameter 1/2″ ~ 24″ 4″ ~ 24″ 12″ ~ 78″
Wall thickness 3 mm ~ 200 mm
Product type Equal tee and unequal tee

Pipe Tee Sytle:

Pipe tee is used for distributing or collecting the fluid from the run pipe. It is a short piece of pipe with a 90-degree branch at center. There are two types of Tee used in piping, Equal / Straight Tee and Reducing / Unequal Tee.

Straight Tee
In straight tee, the diameter of the branch is same as the diameter of the Run (Header) Pipe.

Reducing Tee
In reducing tee, diameter of the branch size is smaller than the diameter of the Run (Header) Pipe

Barred Tee
A barred tee which is also known as a scrapper tee is used in pipelines that are pigged. The branch of the tee has a restriction bar welded internally to prevent the pig or scrapper to enter the branch. The bars are welded in the branch in a way that it will allow restriction free passage of the pig from the run pipe.

butt welded barred pipe teebutt welded equal pipe teebutt welded reducing pipe tee
butt welded barred pipe tee        butt welded equal pipe tee        butt welded reducing pipe tee

Pipe Tee Materials

In addition, our pipe tee can be made of different materials and detailed information is listed here.
Carbon Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB、WPC
Alloy Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP 911
Stainless Steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N, ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti, ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H
Low Temperature Steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL 3-WPL 6
High Performance Steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70

TEES straight and reducing

The primary purpose of a Tee is to make a 90° branch from the main run of pipe. Standard there are 2 possibilities, on behalf of the equal tee and reducing tee. The equal tee (or straight tee) is used as the branch has the same diameter as the run-pipe. The reducing tee is used as the branch has a smaller diameter as the run-pipe.

Dimensions and Standards

When we talk about a tee NPS 3, a equal or straight tee is intended. With a tee NPS 3 x 2 a reducing tee is intended. Although, officially a reducing tee will be indicated by 3 diameters, namely 3 x 3 x 2 (A x B x C). The A and B measure stands for the Nominal Pipe Size of Run-Pipe, C measure stands for Nominal Pipe Size of Outlet.

This designation actually is superfluous, but comes from the time that tees were available in 3 different ends of diameters, such as
4 x 3 x 2 (A x B x C). In this implementation of course it is necessary, to specify 3 different sizes.
That kind of tees is probably no longer available. Applying a equal tee with a concentric or eccentric reducer is now the usual practice.

A straight or equal buttwelding Tee is available for all common diameters.
A Reducing Tee not, because many diameters are not produced, or can not be produced.
As an example: a reducing tee NPS 6 x 4 is a standard item for most suppliers, but a reducing tee NPS 16 x 2 is probably not available by any supplier.
It would also not economical to use a NPS 16 tee with a NPS 2 outlet; in such situations a Branch Fitting will be used or a Branch Connection will be made.

In addition to the defined tees, there are straight and reducing crosses.
Straight crosses are generally stock items, reducing crosses are often difficult to obtain.
I have never used that tees and I have they never seen in practice, at least not in petro and chemical industry. They will be used where space is limited, by revision work, in shipping industry et cetera.

Wall thickness Tee

By the shape of a tee, the wall thickness can be a critical item. ASME B16.9 only standardizes the end-to-end dimensions, center-to-end dimensions and some “squareness” dimensional tolerances.

The wall thickness at the weld line location even is standardized, but not through the rest of the fitting. The standard states that the minimum tolerance will be within 12.5% of the minimum ordered wall thickness of the pipe. A maximum tolerance is specified only at the ends of the fitting.

Many providers of welding tees (and elbows) provide one schedule greater thickness so that sufficient wall thickness, after forming, remains. In Tee’s, the crotch radius (T) varies from one manufacturer to another, but some establish itself as a requirement, 1.3 times the wall thickness to maintain the crotch.

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES STRAIGHT TEES ASME B16.9

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 to 2.1/2 3 to 3.1/2 4 5 to 8 10 to 18 20 to 24 26 to 30 32 to 48
Outside Dia
at Bevel (D)
+1.6
-0.8
1.6 1.6 +2.4
-1.6
+4
-3.2
+6.4
-4.8
+6.4
-4.8
+6.4
-4.8
Inside Dia at End 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 3.2 4.8 +6.4
-4.8
+6.4
-4.8
Center to End (C / M) 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 5
Wall Thk (t) Not less than 87.5% of Nominal Wall Thickness

Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated and are equal ± except as noted.

steel-bends-1280x604.jpg

The steel bend is a common connecting piece in the pipe system. It is used to link two pipes of the same or different nominal bore turning direction due to relevant angles according to different bending radius. A steel pipe bend is used in almost every machine. Our company adopts advanced production technologies to bend, stamp, push forming, compression molding and machining to manufacture the steel bend.

Steel bends are mainly used in oil, gas and liquid transportation and play an important role in airplanes and aircraft engines. In addition, they are widely used in electric, chemical, ship building, heat supply system, paper making, metallurgic and other industries.

Raw Materials of the Steel Bend
Our company provides carbon steel pipe bend, alloy steel bend, stainless steel bend, low temperature steel bend and high performance steel pipe bend. Detailed information is listed below.
Carbon Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB、WPC
Alloy Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP 911
Stainless Steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N, ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti, ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H
Low Temperature Steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL 3-WPL 6
High Performance Steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70

Specifications of the Steel Bend

 Bend Type: Bend Type: Pipe Bend, Steel Pipe Bend, Hot Bend, Induction Bend, Induction Hot Bend
Seamless Bend Straight Seam Bend Spiral Pipe Bend
Out Diameter 1/2″~24″ 4″~24″ 8″ ~78″
Wall Thickness 3 mm ~ 200 mm
Bending Radius R=2.5D/3D/4D/5D/6D/7D/8D/9D/10D/ 20D
Angle 15/30/45/60/90/135/180 deg

Standards Available for the Pipe Bend
Our company offers steel bend of different standards. Detailed information is listed bellow.
ASME B16.49-2007
ASME B16.25-2007
SY/T5257-2004
DL/T515-2004 GD2000 GD87-1101

As an experienced pipe fittings steel bend manufacturer and supplier in China, we offer a wide variety of products, including flanged pipe, pipe fittings steel tee, steel pipe, and plate steel pipe flange, etc.

Manufacture of Induction Bends

Induction bends are formed in a factory by passing a length of straight pipe through an induction bending machine. This machine uses an induction coil to heat a narrow band of the pipe material. The leading end of the pipe is clamped to a pivot arm.
As the pipe is pushed through the machine, a bend with the desired radius of curvature is produced. The heated material just beyond the induction coil is quenched with a water spray on the outside surface of the pipe. Thermal expansion of the narrow heated section of pipe is restrained due to the unheated pipe on either side, which causes diameter shrinkage upon cooling.
The induction bending process also causes wall thickening on the intrados and thinning on the extrados. The severity of thickening/thinning is dependant on the bending temperature, the speed at which the pipe is pushed through the induction coil, the placement of the induction coil relative to the pipe (closer to the intrados or extrados), and other factors.

Most induction bends are manufactured with tangent ends (straight sections) that are not affected by the induction bending process. Field welds are made or pipe pup sections are attached to the unaffected tangent ends, allowing for fitup similar to that found when welding straight sections of pipe together.

Induction bends come in standard bend angles (e.g. 45°, 90°, etc.) or can be custom made to specific bend angles. Compound bends (out-of-plane) bends in a single joint of pipe can also be produced. The bend radius is specified as a function of the diameter. For example, common bend radii for induction bends are 3D, 5D and 7D, where D is the nominal pipe diameter.

Induction bending of 48 inch line pipe  View on induction coil and heated zone during bending

What is Induction Bending?

Induction Bending is a controlled means of bending pipes through the application of local heating using high frequency induced electrical power.

Originally used for the purpose of surface hardening steels, induction technology when used in pipe bending consists basically of an induction coil placed around the pipe to be bent. The induction coil heats a narrow, circumferential section of the pipe to a temperature of between 850 and 1100 °rees Celsius (dependant on the material to be formed). As the correct bending temperature range is reached, the pipe is moved slowly through the induction coil whilst the bending force is applied by a fixed radius arm arrangement.

pipe-fitting-elbow.jpg

The steel elbow, a kind of pipe fitting, is a commonly used piece installed between two pipes of the same or different nominal bore to allow a change of direction. It usually has 45º, 90º, 180º angle, though 60º and other angle elbows are also available. According to its radius of curvature, the steel elbow is categorized into long radius pipe elbow and short radius elbows. The radius of curvature of long radius elbow is 1.5 times of pipe outside diameter, and that of short radius pipe elbows is 1.0 time of the pipe outside diameter.

The steel elbow usually covers 80% of pipe fittings in the whole system. Different forming technology is used when elbows of different materials or wall thickness are manufactured. The usual seamless elbow forming technology consists of hot pushing, stamping and extrusion. According to different production technologies, our steel elbow can be categorized as weld elbow, stamping elbow, pushed elbow and casting elbow. Welding is the most usual way to connect elbows to pipes but there are other methods such as flange connection, thermal connection, electro fusion joint, thread joint and plug-in connection.

The steel elbow is widely used in process and control systems, chemical, petroleum, fertilizer, fluid power, electronic pumps and paper plants. It is also used to connect hoses to valves, water pressure pumps and deck drains. Some steel pipe elbows made of heavy materials are used in applications suitable for extreme high or low temperature. It can be stored in fumigation-free cases or wooden holders.

Wall Thickness
Neway Company supplies steel elbow of different schedule numbers. Schedule number is an indicator of wall thickness and we have available sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s and sch80s.

Raw Materials of the Steel Elbows
Materials to produce our steel pipe elbow can be:
Carbon Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC
Alloy Steel: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP 911
Stainless Steel: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti
ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H
Low Temperature Steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL 3-WPL 6
High Performance Steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70

Technical Specifications of the Pipe Steel Elbow

Type
Seamless Steel Elbow Straight Seam Elbow Butt Weld Elbow
Out Diameter 1/2″ ~ 24″ 4″ ~ 24″ 12″ ~ 78″
Wall Thickness 3 mm ~ 200 mm
Radius R=1D ~ 2.0D
Angle 0º to 180º

Standards Available for the Steel Elbow
Our Company provides steel pipe elbow of different standards. Detailed information is listed below.
GB/T12459-2005 GB/T13401-2005 GB/T10752-2005
SH/T3408-1996 SH/T3409-1996
SY/T0518-2002 SY/T0510-1998
DL/T695-1999 GD2000 GD87-1101
HG/T21635-1987 HG/T21631-1990
ASME B16.9-2007 ASME B16.25-2007
MSS SP 75-2008
CSA Z245.11-05-2005
EN10253-1-1999 EN10253-2-2007 EN10253-3-2008 EN10253-4-2008
DIN2605-1-1992 DIN2605-2-1995
BS1640-1-1962 BS1640-2-1962 BS1640-3-1968 BS1640-4-1968 BS1965-1-1963
AFNOR NF A 49-289-1990 AFNOR NF A 49-170-1-1999 AFNOR NF A 49-170-2-2009 AFNOR NF A 49-170-3-2009 AFNOR NF A 49-170-4-2009
ISO3419-1981 ISO5251-1981
JIS B2311-2009 JIS B2312-2009 JIS B2313-2009

Process Flow Diagram – Seamless Steel Elbow Process Flow Diagram

 

Manufacturing of Butt Welded ELBOWS – Introduction to Hot Forming

The principal methods of hot working are extrusion, drawing, forging and rolling. Rolling is the most extensive employed forming process, though some limitations may apply to the process. Rolling mainly consists of three major sub-categories: flat rolling, shape rolling (with specifically designed roll grooves) and pipe rolling (including piercing). Forging may be sub-categorized as hamming, pressing, etc.

Forging may be performed under hammers, in mechanical presses and upsetters or by a method known as roll forging. Pressing generally includes the manufacture of forged articles in hydraulic presses. Extrusion usually is performed in hydraulic presses which force the hot steel through a die. Rolling is performed in rolling mills of a variety of types.

The two principal reasons for perform metal forming at elevated temperatures (hot working) are to reduce the forming loads through the reduction of the resistance of the steel to deformation, and to develop preferred metallurgical structures for strength and ductility of the finish products.

The most appropriate manufacturing method of a product will be decided with consideration of its material, sizes, shape, use, standards and other properties.

There are numerous processes for manufacturing butt weld fittings, several examples listed as follows.

ELBOWS: Mandrel method (Hot Forming)

One of the most common manufacturing methods for manufacturing Elbows from pipes. After heating the raw material, it is pushed over a die called “mandrel” which allows the pipe to expand and bend simultaneously. Applicable to a wide size range.

Elbows of steel pipe joints are used in the industrial plants and are mainly manufactured by the hot mandrel bending from raw material of straight steel pipe. Elbows are generally manufactured at elevated temperature by means of pushing, expanding and bending of pipes simultaneously, using the inner tool of mandrel. Characteristics of mandrel bending strongly depend on the integrated shape and dimensions of the mandrel.

Elbows manufactured by using hot mandrel bending have advantages of small thickness deviation and shorter bending radius than those of any other bending method type.

Pipe & Fittings

Neway PIPELINE

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